Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Opportunities and Challenges in Implementing Regional Public Service Agency Policy in Regional Hospitals: Systematic Review

2024-03-05T08:11:54+00:00

The Policy of the Regional Public Service Agency (Badan Layanan Umum Daerah or BLUD) is a form of autonomy for Regional Public Hospitals (Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah or RSD) born from healthcare service reforms. Despite being implemented for over two decades, several challenges in persist policy implementation. This research aims to analyze the opportunities and challenges in implementing the BLUD policy in RSD within the context of public services. The research method employed is a systematic review using inclusion criteria. Searches were conducted using the keywords policy implementation, BLUD, and RSD, utilizing the Garuda database and Google Scholar. This systematic review analyzes articles published from 2007 to 2022. The study identifies challenges such as resource quality, organizational fragmentation, and suboptimal communication. On the other hand, there is evidence of positive acceptance or response from implementers towards the BLUD policy. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the BLUD policy provides opportunities for RSD to enhance performance through its flexibility. Human resource capacity and communication pose challenges in BLUD policy implementation within RSDs. Implement targeted training programs for both regional governments and hospitals should address the specific needs and challenges of BLUD implementation, such as potential knowledge gaps arising from differing educational backgrounds.

Analysis of Perceived Benefits of Breast Milk Towards Exclusive Breastfeeding in Stunting Prevention

2024-01-09T09:06:52+00:00

Stunting is a condition of growth failure due to accumulated nutritional inadequacies from prenatal until two years old. Individuals' perceptions of perceived benefits influence exclusive breastfeeding and thus reduce the risk of stunting. This study aimed to analyze the perception of the benefits of breastfeeding in preventing stunting in Tuah Negeri District, Musi Rawas Regency. The research method used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. Sampling using purposive sampling technique resulted in 154 respondents aged 6-36 months. Data analysis used frequency distribution, chi-square test, and logistic regression test. Univariate results, good attitude (perceived benefits) 58.4%, high knowledge 66.2%, not good practices 57.1%, age <30 years 50.6%, low education 55.2%, not working 86.4%, family income below minimum wage 93.5% and number of family members ≤4 57.1%. Mothers’ knowledge has a relationship with exclusive breastfeeding practices (p<0.05) However, there was no relationship between perceived benefits of breastmilk reflected through attitudes and exclusive breastfeeding practices, as well as age, education, occupation, income and number of family members. Multivariate showed that low mothers’ knowledge had a 3.1 times higher risk of have unfavorable practices in exclusive breastfeeding, controlled by mother’s education. Based on study, the government needs to conduct education and long-term approaches through formal education so that mothers better understand health information.

Understanding Health Risk Assessment in Female Sex Workers (FSW) and Its Relationship With the Frequency of Sexual Transactions

2024-01-26T07:00:31+00:00

Female sex workers carry out sexual transactions that pose a high risk to their health. They experience a high risk of health problems, especially transmission of sexually transmitted infections. There are various factors that female sex workers (FSW) carry out sexual transactions with frequent frequency, such as poverty, gender inequality, and limited access to productive assets. This study aims to determine the associated between the frequency of sex transactions and health risks. This research uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The population of this study was all female sexual workers (FSW), with a sample size of 162 taken by purposive sampling. The results of this study show that the majority of FSWs have had a sexual transaction frequency more than two times in the last week, amounting to 79.5%, with a prevalence of high health risks of 75.9%. Based on the multivariate test, it is known that the frequency of sexual transactions is associated with health risks after controlling for the variables age and length of time as a FSW with an Adjusted Odds Ratio of 3.467 (1.415-8.494). Health risks FSW who engage in sexual transactions more than two times have a risk of 3.467 (1.415-8.494) times experiencing high health risks compared to female sex workers who engage in sexual transactions less than two times after controlling for age and length of time as female sex workers. When carrying out work in sexual exploration, FSW should continue to use sexual protective equipment and carry out regular health checks, especially for sexually transmitted infections.

The Factors Related to the Incident of Diarrhea in Elementary School Children in Muara Burnai Village II

2024-03-04T05:42:00+00:00

Poor snack food habits with a diversity of snacks encourages children's snack habits at school, because they can spend a third of their time at school. However, there are still many children who have the habit of consuming snacks and poor hand and nail hygiene habits The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of diarrhea in elementary school. This research was quantitative with the Cross Sectional method. The sample in this study amounted to 118 respondents, which were determined by simple random sampling technique. Respondents were dominated by women as many as 77 respondents (65.3%), and the age of the respondents was dominated by the age category 11-12 years as many as 60 respondents (50.8%). Bivariate analysis resulted that there was a significant relationship between the frequency of snack food consumption, the choice of snack foods, the habit of washing hands, and cleanliness of nails with the incidence of diarrhea, while the habit of carrying lunch had no significant relationship with the incidence of diarrhea in elementary school in Muara Burnai Village II. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the selection of snack foods was the most dominant variable influencing the incidence of diarrhea in elementary school children with (p-value=0.030; PR=29.291; CI 95%)=1.393-615.854) after controlling for the variable frequency of snack food consumption, washing habits hand and nail hygiene. The schools should make regulations related to standards for traders so that they become healthy canteens in school.

Differences in Diet and Nutritional Status in Toddlers in Coastal and Mountainous Areas

2024-04-16T07:43:06+00:00

Malnutrition of toddlers is often referred to as the golden age, which is irreversible. One of the factors that influence nutritional status is diet. The different geographical location between the coast and the mountains causes different food sources to be obtained. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in diet and nutritional status of toddlers in coastal and mountainous areas. This research design used a cross-sectional with sampling technique used stratified random sampling resulted in 143 toddlers. Data were obtained from direct interviews using the Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnare (SQ-FFQ) and nutritional status measurements using weight and height. The results showed that in coastal areas the majority of diets (energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate) were good (90.9%), over (100%), good (67.5%) and good (85.7%). As for the majority of nutritional status in coastal areas, the weight for age (W/A) was normal (84.4%), height for age (H/A) was normal (92.2%), and weight for height (W/H) was normal (89.6%). In mountainous areas the majority of diets (energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate) were over (57.6%), over (95.5%), over (60.6%) and good (68.2%). As for the majority of nutritional status in mountainous areas, the W/A was normal (96.96%), H/A was normal (71.21%) and W/H was normal (87.9%). The bivariate test showed there are difference energy and fat intake (p<0.05), but there are no difference protein dan carbohydrate intake (p> 0.05) between coastal and mountainous areas. The nutritional status have difference in H/A, but no differences in W/A and W/H in toddlers between coastal and mountainous areas.

Risk Factor Analysis for Stroke Incidence in North Sulawesi: Based on the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Research

2024-04-16T08:35:44+00:00

Stroke is a serious public health issue and the main cause of disability and death after ischemic heart disease. Every year, 12.2 million individuals worldwide suffer from a stroke, which results in 6.5 million deaths. There has been an increasing incidence of stroke in Indonesia, including in North Sulawesi. This study aims to examine the risk factors for stroke incidence in North Sulawesi in a population aged ≥35 years based on the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Research data. This quantitative research was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were performed during data analysis involving 7,111 respondents. The multivariate analysis results showed that hypertension (p=0.000; AOR 8.739; 95% CI 5.758-13.263), physical activity (p=0.000; AOR 2.771; 95% CI 1.944-3.948), gender (p=0.000; AOR 2.047; 95% CI 1.388-3.017), heart disease (p=0.015; AOR 1.919; 95% CI 1.133-3.250), age (p=0.008; AOR 1.669; 95% CI 1.144-2.434), occupation (p=0.008; AOR 1.693; 95% CI 1.145-2.504), and fatty foods consumption (p=0.023; AOR 0.603; 95% CI 0.390-0.932) had a significant correlation with stroke incidence in this study. The main finding of this study shows that hypertension is the most influential risk factor for stroke incidence in a population aged ≥35 years in North Sulawesi. Regular blood pressure screenings are needed as an early hypertension detection effort to prevent stroke incidence.

Adoption of the Supplemental Food for School Children Program at Kulon Progo City

2024-04-16T08:02:23+00:00

One of the national programs is providing Supplementary Food for School Children, which was launched to accelerate the achievement of national development goals. This complete food-based program was the first to be carried out in Kulon Progo Regency; in the previous year, this supplementary food program was provided in the form of snacks. This research aims to explore the adoption of the Supplementary Food for School Children program in Kulon Progo Regency. This research used a qualitative design with a case study approach. The selection of informants used a purposive sampling technique. Data collection is done by in-depth interview method and focus group discussion. The validity of the data is done by using source triangulation, member checking, and peer debriefing. This aspect of adoption consists of the program implementer's intention to adopt a program, how the activity implementer tries to implement a program and implements the innovations needed for program development. This is demonstrated by their being able to prepare a team to implement the Supplementary Food for School Children program in schools consisting of cooks and administrative staff, prepare the facilities and infrastructure for implementing the program, and carry out initial anthropometric measurements of school children. Schools receiving the Supplementary Food for School Children program show that they are ready and able to adopt this new program in their respective school settings

Health Care System Application (Good Care) Android-Based at Primary Health Care (Case Study at Clinic of Wijaya Kusuma)

2024-04-16T08:26:37+00:00

The development of information systems is currently experiencing very rapid development which we now recognize as the era of digitalization, one of which is in the field of health services. Primary healthcare is a type of medical health service that provides health services to individuals at the first level health service. The problem that most often arises is related to the registration system which is still done manually by recording in the registration book, thereby allowing the risk of errors occurring and the process of searching for visit data taking a long time. This research aims to improve better service for visits so it is necessary a good, systematic and integrated data handling and processing in a developing service system, even at the level of independent health service practice. This research method uses Field Observation, Library Research, Interviews, Study Research Literature (Research Literature Study), System Design, System Implementation and Testing. Application system from syntax errors and functionally produces functions as expected. The health service system application (Good Care) has been tested and can be used so that it can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of health services at the independent doctor's practice at Clinic of Wijaya Kusuma.

Subjective Norms of Health Students Related to Parent's Social Control on Intention to Stop Smoking

2024-05-22T04:34:41+00:00

Smoking among students is a significant global issue. Health students, expected to be knowledgeable about smoking dangers and serve as role models, are found to engage in smoking behavior, which is concerning. This study aimed to analyze health students' perceptions regarding parental social control and their intention to quit smoking using the Theory of Planned Behaviour, specifically focusing on the role of subjective norms. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with a phenomenological methodology involving in-depth interviews and observations. The research was conducted in Jember Regency with five primary informants, health students at the University of Jember, and key informants who were close friends and parents of primary informants. Data processing used the interactive data analysis model proposed by Miles and Huberman, involving three steps: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The study found that health students who smoke positively perceived their parents' opinions and social support regarding smoking cessation behavior. They viewed their parents' efforts to prevent them from smoking as beneficial and effective in influencing their behavior. health students who smoke acknowledged that the social control exerted by their parents was crucial in helping them overcome their smoking habits. Most health students who smoke expressed a strong intention to quit smoking, indicating a willingness to change their behavior in response to the support they received from their parents. The study suggests that parents should set a good example and communicate effectively to influence adolescent smoking behavior. Health students and health offices can also support this effort through smoking cessation activities and education.